Parental selection and the diversity of the F1Jatropha curcas genotypes: Seed quality and phytochemistry

Jatropha curcas is a germplasm that produces seeds used for biodiesel production. Characterizing different germplasms is always necessary to select varieties with potential for industrial use. This study aimed to screen the parentals used in partial diallel crosses using DNA-RAPD and phenology. The most divergent parentals were evaluated for their seed traits and oil composition. The hybrids were tested for seed oil composition, optimal maturation stadium for physiological seed quality (germination and vigour), and physical seed quality using X-ray tests. The hybrids and parentals were compared to estimate heterosis and heterobeltiosis. The hybrid leaf extracts were tested against Aedes aegypti. The parentals had a mean genetic similarity of 52.6%. 003 × 013 and 004 × 005 had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for seed traits. The 001 × 005 hybrid stood out for its seed biometry and physical seed quality, showing full seeds, although it had the lowest oil content. Phenological stadium I fruit maturation showed full seeds for 004 × 005, 004 × 005, 001 × 008, and 001 × 013, which differed in their phytochemical composition, and the leaf extracts did not show potential use as an insecticide against A. aegypti. In the future, new approaches could be used with the genotypes that were selected for seed and phytochemistry characterization under different edaphoclimatic conditions. [Display omitted] •Jatropha curcas hybrids exhibit improved seed quality and oil yield.•X-ray seed testing enables precise evaluation of internal structures crucial for germination.•Leaf extracts of Jatropha curcas do not possess insecticidal potential.•Hybrid progenies demonstrate distinct phytochemical profiles.