Fatal and near‐fatal anaphylaxis: The Allergy‐Vigilance® Network data (2002–2020)

Background Having a better understanding of the risk factors of severe anaphylaxis is a crucial challenge for physicians. Methods To retrospectively analyse fatal/near‐fatal anaphylaxis cases recorded by the Allergy‐Vigilance® Network (2002–2020) and evaluate the characteristics associated with survival, age and allergens. Results Among the 3510 anaphylaxis cases documented in the network, 70 (2%) patients (males: 57%; mean age: 35.4 y) presented grade 4 (Ring‐Messmer) anaphylaxis and 25 died (19 food‐related); 33% had a history of asthma. The main allergens were food (60%; peanut, 20%; milks, 11%) involved in 25/26 cases in children and in 17/44 (39%) cases in adults. Non‐food anaphylaxis was related to drugs/latex (24%; neuromuscular blocking agents, 10%; betalactamins, 6%), Hymenoptera (16%). Three food‐related cases (one death) occurred during oral food challenge in children. Patients with a food allergy were younger (22.2 years vs. 55 years, p