The influence of physical floc properties on the separation of marine microalgae via alkaline flocculation followed by dissolved air flotation

Flocculation achieved by raising the pH, termed alkaline flocculation is a sustainable way of inducing flocculation in marine microalgae. Flocs formed post-alkaline flocculation have the potential to be harvested via dissolved air flotation (DAF) or sedimentation. While DAF results in faster separation and biomass with a higher solids content compared to sedimentation, it has not been tested in saline environments, particularly when combined with alkaline flocculation. DAF processes, like most separation techniques, are heavily dependent on physical floc properties. In this study, the impact of alkaline floc properties on the performance of DAF versus sedimentation was evaluated to harvest marine Nannochloropsis oculata, benchmarking against the well-studied ferric chloride flocculation. This was followed by the use of the DAF white-water model to illustrate how alkaline and ferric floc properties impact bubble-particle attachment and DAF separation efficiencies. Alkaline flocs were smaller (peakmax 2.30) compared to ferric flocs which were larger (peakmax ~ 1700 μm; >65 % of flocs >1000 μm), relatively weaker (