Linking between ambient pollution and metals concentration in blood. Nationwide study based on the national blood banking system

This study was aimed to describe the chemical traces of air pollution in blood of residents and evaluate the association between ambient pollution and its dose absorbed internally by a human body. The national Magen David Adom Blood Services blood donation collection platform and the National Public Health Laboratory's testing services were utilized to conduct a human biomonitoring study among blood donors in Israel. The donors' residential addresses and donations sites' locations were geocoded and merged with the levels of pollutants recorded by the nearby monitoring stations. Pollutants included nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfate dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter of size