The Effects of Hypocapnia and Hypercapnia on Intraoperative Bleeding, Surgical Field Quality, and Surgeon Satisfaction Level in Septorhinoplasty: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study

Background Septorhinoplasty (SRP) is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the world for functional and aesthetic purposes. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of hypocapnia and hypercapnia regarding the total amount of intraoperative bleeding, surgical field quality, and surgeon satisfaction level. Methods In this randomized prospective clinical study, eighty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II and were 18–45 years old scheduled for septorhinoplasty were randomly allocated to group hypocapnia [end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ) 30 ± 2 mmHg] and group hypercapnia (EtCO 2 40 ± 2 mmHg). We evaluated the total amount of intraoperative bleeding, the surgical field quality, surgeon satisfaction level, hemodynamics and peri- and postoperative adverse events. Results Group hypocapnia significantly reduced the total amount of intraoperative bleeding ( p