Psychosocial Outcomes in Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Associations of Demographic, Cleft Morphologic, and Treatment-Related Variables

Objective To determine associations of demographic, morphologic, and treatment protocol parameters with quality of life (QoL), appearance/speech satisfaction, and psychological adjustment. Design Observational study utilizing retrospective report of protocol variables and current outcome variables. Setting Six North American cleft treatment clinics. Participants Children, ages 8.0–10.99 years, with Cleft Lip ± Alveolus, Cleft Palate, Cleft Lip and Palate, and parents (N = 284). Outcome Measures Pediatric QoL Inventory (PedsQL): Parent, Child, Family Impact Module (FIM); Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); CLEFT-Q. Results Outcome scores were average with few differences by cleft type. Multiple regression analyses yielded significant associations (Ps