Association between molar hypomineralization, genes involved in enamel development, and medication in early childhood: A preliminary study

Background Molar hypomineralization (MH) is defined as a multifactorial condition, and thus, its presence may be defined by interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Aim To evaluate the association between MH, genes involved in enamel development, and the use of medication during pregnancy in early childhood. Design One hundred and eighteen children, 54 with and 64 without MH, were studied. The data collected included demographics, socioeconomic data, and the medical history of mothers and children. Genomic DNA was collected from saliva. Genetic polymorphisms in ameloblastin (AMBN; rs4694075), enamelin (ENAM; rs3796704, rs7664896), and kallikrein (KLK4; rs2235091) were evaluated. These genes were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan chemistry. The software PLINK was used to compare allele and genotype distributions of the groups and to assess the interaction between environmental variables and genotypes (p