Non-destructive techniques for the determination of magnetic particle and element contents in grapevine leaves and soil as an eco-sustainable tool for environmental pollution assessment in the agricultural areas

The concentration of magnetic particulate matter (PM) on the leaf surface (an indicator of current pollution) and topsoil (an indicator of magnetic PMs which have geogenic natural signal or historical pollution origin) was assessed in agricultural areas (conventional and organic vineyards). The main aim of this study was to explore whether magnetic parameters such as saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) and mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) can be a proxy for magnetic particulate matter (PM) pollution and associated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural areas. Besides, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WD-XRF) was investigated as a screening method for total PTE content in soil and leaf samples. Both magnetic parameters (SIRM and χ) pinpoint soil pollution, while SIRM was more suitable for evaluating magnetic PM accumulated on leaves. The values of both magnetic parameters were significantly ( p