A Hybrid Intervention Combining Group-Based Physical Activity and an Individual Goal-Oriented Approach for Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Pre-Post Intervention Study

This study aimed to examine the outcomes and feasibility of a hybrid group-based intervention combining physical activity and an individual goal-oriented approach for children with developmental disabilities. We employed a single-arm pre-test/post-test repeated-measures design. Outcome measures were based on participants' achievement of individual goals in daily activities, as well as physical and psychosocial functioning. We also report qualitative data from one example case. The intervention consisted of eight sessions, each incorporating a goal-oriented approach and including group-based physical activities, practice with daily activities, and team meetings. Participants were seven children (all boys; age: 7y 10mo ± 1y 6mo) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorder, or a combination thereof. Significant improvements were observed in participants' achievement of individual goals and their physical functioning. No significant changes in psychosocial functioning were noted. The example case showed the changes related to everyday life. No participants dropped out, and no complaints or severe accidents or injuries were recorded. All participants expressed hopes of continuing to participate in this program. This approach has high feasibility and could help to amplify the effects of physical activity interventions.