Association Between Participation in a Heart Failure Telemonitoring Program and Health Care Utilization and Death Within an Integrated Health Care Delivery System

The clinical usefulness of remote telemonitoring to reduce postdischarge health care use and death in adults with heart failure (HF) remains controversial. Within a large integrated health care delivery system, we matched patients enrolled in a postdischarge telemonitoring intervention from 2015 to 2019 to patients not receiving telemonitoring at up to a 1:4 ratio on age, sex, and calipers of a propensity score. Primary outcomes were readmissions for worsening HF and all-cause death within 30, 90, and 365 days of the index discharge; secondary outcomes were all-cause readmissions and any outpatient diuretic dose adjustments. We matched 726 patients receiving telemonitoring to 1985 controls not receiving telemonitoring, with a mean age of 75 ± 11 years and 45% female. Patients receiving telemonitoring did not have a significant reduction in worsening HF hospitalizations (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–1.33), all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.33–1.08), or all-cause hospitalization (aRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65–1.05) at 30 days, but did have an increase in outpatient diuretic dose adjustments (aRR 1.84, 95% CI 1.44–2.36). All associations were similar at 90 and 365 days postdischarge. A postdischarge HF telemonitoring intervention was associated with more diuretic dose adjustments but was not significantly associated with HF-related morbidity and mortality. [Display omitted]