Preclinical modeling in depression and anxiety: Current challenges and future research directions

This editorial highlights the limitations of preclinical models in accurately reflecting the complexity of anxiety and depression, which leads to a lack of effective treatments for these disorders. Inconsistencies in experimental designs and methodologies can entail conflicting or inconclusive findings, while an overreliance on medication can mask underlying problems. Researchers are exploring new approaches to preclinical modeling of negative emotional disorders, including using patient-derived cells, developing more complex animal models, and integrating genetic and environmental factors. Advanced technologies, such as optogenetics, chemogenetics and neuroimaging, are also being employed to improve the specificity and selectivity of preclinical models. Collaboration and innovation across different disciplines and sectors are needed to address complex societal challenges, which requires new models of funding and support that prioritize cooperation and multidisciplinary research. By harnessing the power of technology and new ways of working, researchers can collaborate more effectively to bring about transformative change.