Incidence and risk factors for complex regional pain syndrome in radius fractures: meta-analysis

Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in radius fractures. Methods The meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Collaboration Library databases. Studies focusing on patients with conservative or surgically treated radius fractures leading to CRPS were included. A control group consisting of patients with radius fractures and no CRPS (−) was included. The outcome measures were incidence and risk factors. Comparative studies were also included. Data were combined using Review Manager 5.4. Results Out of 610 studies, nine studies were included. The incidence of CRPS after radius fractures ranged from 0.19 to 13.63% (95% CI: 11.12–16.15%). Open fractures, high-energy mechanisms in radial head fractures, and associations with ulnar fractures were risk factors for CRPS [(RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–1.00), (RR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07–0.47), and (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.17–1.35), respectively]. Other risk factors were female sex and high body mass index [(RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.05–1.37) and (MD: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.45–1.88)]. Psychiatric factors also increased the incidence of CRPS (RR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.83–2.28). On the other hand, the type of surgery (external fixation or open reduction and internal fixation) and manipulations; associated comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension) together with tobacco and alcohol abuse; marital status, educational level, employment status, and socioeconomic status were not risk factors ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of CRPS in radius fractures was 13.63%. Fractures with greater complexity or greater associated tissue damage, female sex, high BMI, and psychiatric disorders were risk factors for the development of CRPS. Level of evidence Meta-analysis of cohort and case series studies; II.