Medically important snakes and snakebite envenoming in Iran

Snakebite is a relatively common health condition in Iran with a diverse snake fauna, especially in tropical southern and mountainous western areas of the country with a plethora of snake species. The list of medically important snakes, circumstances and effects of their bite, and necessary medical...

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Veröffentlicht in:Toxicon (Oxford) 2023-07, Vol.230, p.107149-107149, Article 107149
Hauptverfasser: Dehghani, Rouhullah, Monzavi, Seyed Mostafa, Mehrpour, Omid, Shirazi, Farshad M., Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein, Keyler, Daniel E., Wüster, Wolfgang, Westerström, Alexander, Warrell, David A.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Snakebite is a relatively common health condition in Iran with a diverse snake fauna, especially in tropical southern and mountainous western areas of the country with a plethora of snake species. The list of medically important snakes, circumstances and effects of their bite, and necessary medical care require critical appraisal and should be updated regularly. This study aims to review and map the distributions of medically important snake species of Iran, re-evaluate their taxonomy, review their venomics, describe the clinical effects of envenoming, and discuss medical management and treatment, including the use of antivenom. Nearly 350 published articles and 26 textbooks with information on venomous and mildly venomous snake species and snakebites of Iran, were reviewed, many in Persian (Farsi) language, making them relatively inaccessible to an international readership. This has resulted in a revised updated list of Iran's medically important snake species, with taxonomic revisions of some, compilation of their morphological features, remapping of their geographical distributions, and description of species-specific clinical effects of envenoming. Moreover, the antivenom manufactured in Iran is discussed, together with treatment protocols that have been developed for the hospital management of envenomed patients. [Display omitted] •A comprehensive review on medically important snakes in Iran in view of geographical distribution, taxonomy and morphology.•A focus on environmental value of medically important snakes.•A critical appraisal of venom studies and clinical effects of Iran's medically important snakes.•A detailed evaluation of clinical management of snakebite envenoming in Iran.
ISSN:0041-0101
1879-3150
DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107149