PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients After Heart Transplantation: a Retrospective Review and Literature Analysis

Purpose of Review Following cardiac transplantation, patients have an increased risk of developing cardiac allograft vasculopathy and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, aggressive lipid management is indicated. Some patients do not achieve optimal lipid profiles with statin monotherapy, however, or discontinue statins due to intolerance. In this review, we investigated the use of PCSK9 inhibitors as an alternative treatment for hyperlipidemia following cardiac transplantation. Recent Findings Nine published articles were identified that included 110 patients treated with alirocumab or evolocumab after cardiac transplantation. PCSK9 inhibitors were tolerated by all patients, and each study demonstrated an effective reduction of low-density lipoprotein ranging from 40 to 87% decrease from baseline. Summary In our study, the 110 patients from literature review were added to a cohort of 7 similar patients from our institution for combined analysis. This report supports that PCSK9 inhibitors should be considered following cardiac transplantation when conventional medial therapy is not tolerated or ineffective.