Evaluating Real-World Characteristics of Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Eligible for Avelumab Maintenance Therapy: A Multicountry Retrospective Medical Chart Review

•This study shows that patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns from a medical chart review of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma that had not progressed following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy appeared similar to data from patients enrolled in the phase 3, randomized JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial.•The findings indicate that the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial population is likely representative of patients who would be eligible for avelumab first-line maintenance treatment in the real world.•Future studies should assess whether real-world outcomes are also consistent with findings from the trial. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a malignancy of the urothelium that encompasses the renal pelvis, bladder, and urethra. Current treatment guidelines for advanced (ie, locally advanced or metastatic) UC recommend using avelumab maintenance therapy in patients with nonprogressive disease following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the representativeness of the patient population in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 (JB-100) trial, which examined the efficacy and safety of avelumab first-line maintenance, vs. real-world patients with advanced UC that had not progressed with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy treated between 2015 and 2018 by reviewing demographic and clinical characteristics. A medical chart review (MCR) study collected demographics and treatment characteristics for patients with advanced UC in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Data were analyzed descriptively for review with data collected from patients enrolled in JB-100. Clinical characteristics were consistent between JB-100 and the MCR. Most patients were male, received 4 to 6 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. All patients in the MCR had either stable disease or a response with platinum-based chemotherapy (∼75% achieved a complete or partial response). Fewer than half (42.5%) of all patients in the MCR received subsequent therapy. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns from a MCR of patients with advanced UC that had not progressed following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy appeared similar to data from patients enrolled in JB-100. Future studies should examine whether real-world outcomes are consistent with findings from JB-100. NCT02603432. Data from a medical chart review of patients with advanced