Computed tomographic parenchymal lung findings in premature infants with pulmonary vein stenosis

Background Developmental pulmonary vein pulmonary vein stenosis in the setting of prematurity is a rare and poorly understood condition. Diagnosis can be challenging in the setting of chronic lung disease of prematurity. High-resolution non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT) is the conventional method of evaluating neonates for potential structural changes contributing to severe lung dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension but may miss pulmonary venous stenosis due to the absence of contrast and potential overlap in findings between developmental pulmonary vein pulmonary vein stenosis and lung disease of prematurity. Objective To describe the parenchymal changes of pediatric patients with both prematurity and pulmonary vein stenosis, correlate them with venous disease and to describe the phenotypes associated with this disease. Materials and methods A 5-year retrospective review of chest CT angiography (CTA) imaging in patients with catheterization-confirmed pulmonary vein stenosis was performed to identify pediatric patients (