A Randomized Control Trial Testing a Medication Safety Dashboard in Veteran Transplant Recipients

Introduction Medication errors, adverse events, and nonadherence in organ transplant recipients are common and can lead to suboptimal outcomes. A medication safety dashboard was developed to identify issues in medication therapy. Research Questions Can a multicenter bioinformatics dashboard accurately identify clinically relevant medication safety issues in US military Veteran transplant recipients? Design The dashboard was tested through a 24-month, prospective, cluster-randomized controlled multicenter study. Pharmacists used the dashboard to identify and address potential medication safety issues, which was compared with usual care. Results Across the 10 sites (5 control sites and 5 intervention sites), 2012 patients were enrolled (1197 intervention vs 831 control). The mean age was 65 (10) years, 95% male, and 27% Black. The dashboard produced 18 132 alerts at a rate of 0.61(0.32) alerts per patient-month, ranging from 0.44 to 0.72 across the 5 intervention sites. Lab-based issues were most common (83.4%), followed by nonadherence (9.4%) and transitions in care (6.4%); 56% of alerts were addressed, taking an average of 43 (29) days. Common responses to alerts included those already resolved by another provider (N = 4431, 44%), the alert not clinically relevant (N = 3131, 31%), scheduling of follow-up labs (N = 591, 6%), and providing medication reconciliation/education (N = 99, 1%). Inaccurate flags significantly decreased over the study by a mean of −0.6% per month (95% CI −0.1 to −1.0; P = .0265), starting at 13.4% and ending at 2.6%. Conclusion This multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial demonstrated that a medication safety dashboard was feasibly deployable across the VA healthcare system, creating valid alerts.