Examination of the Effect of Switching Dialysis Membranes on the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract Introduction: In this study, we examined the effect of switching dialysis membranes on the response to influenza virus vaccination in HD patients. Methods: This study consisted of two phases. In phase 1, antibody titers were measured and compared between HD patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) before and after vaccination against influenza virus. Using antibody titers 4 weeks after vaccination, HD patients and HVs were classified according to seroconversion (i.e., antibody titers against all four strains were >20-fold) or non-seroconversion (i.e., antibody titer against at least one strain was