Cell‐Based Biomaterials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Therapy

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to threaten human health, economic development, and national security. Although many vaccines and drugs have been explored to fight against the major pandemic, their efficacy and safety still need to be improved. Cell‐based biomaterials, especially living cells, extracellular vesicles, and cell membranes, offer great potential in preventing and treating COVID‐19 owing to their versatility and unique biological functions. In this review, the characteristics and functions of cell‐based biomaterials and their biological applications in COVID‐19 prevention and therapy are described. First the pathological features of COVID‐19 are summarized, providing enlightenment on how to fight against COVID‐19. Next, the classification, organization structure, characteristics, and functions of cell‐based biomaterials are focused on. Finally, the progress of cell‐based biomaterials in overcoming COVID‐19 in different aspects, including the prevention of viral infection, inhibition of viral proliferation, anti‐inflammation, tissue repair, and alleviation of lymphopenia are comprehensively described. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented. This review describes the characteristics and functions of cell‐based biomaterials including living cells, extracellular vesicles, and cell membranes, and their biological applications in coronavirus disease 2019 prevention and therapy. They show promising prospects in diverse application areas, such as delivery of exogenous functional agents, neutralization of pathogens or harmful molecules, immunoregulation, and tissue repair.