Nicotine‐mediated dopamine regulates short neuropeptide F to inhibit brown planthopper feeding behavior in tobacco‐rice rotation cropping

BACKGROUND The tobacco‐rice rotation cropping (TRRC) is an ecologically friendly system that can both alleviate soil nicotine pollution and decrease the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) fitness on rice. However, few studies on this green and effective rotational cropping system have been reported. In particular, the underlying mechanisms of TRRC on the significant reduction of field pest population at the molecular level is still unknown. RESULTS Field investigation showed that BPH population decreased significantly in TRRC than in rice‐rice successive cropping (RRSC) field. In addition, the short neuropeptide F (NlsNPF) and its receptor NlA7 of BPH had half‐times lower levels in the TRRC field. Behavioral bioassay indicated a 1.93‐fold increase in the number of salivary flanges of the dsNlsNPF group, while BPH fitness parameters, such as honeydew, weight gain, and mortality decreased significantly. Dopamine (DA) content in BPH decreased by ~11.1% under the influence of nicotine, and its presence increased the expression levels of NlsNPF and NlA7. Exogenous DA application eliminated the inhibitory effects of nicotine on BPH feeding and restored the fitness levels of its parameters. Independent application of either a mixture of dsNlsNPF with a nanocarrier or nicotine to the normal rice field revealed that the latter could produce better effects in combination with dsRNA. CONCLUSION These findings confirmed that DA regulated NlsNPF to inhibit the BPH feeding behavior in TRRC. The results not only provided novel findings on the mechanism of pest‐host interactions, but also presented new method for integrated pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. Compared with rice‐rice successive cropping system, dopamine regulated NlsNPF to inhibit the BPH feeding behavior in tobacco‐rice rotation cropping system. Thus, tobacco‐rice rotation cropping system has become a more ecologically friendly system and NlsNPF with a nanocarrier and nicotine mixture is a potential biopesticide on pest control.