One-Dimensional Consolidation Modeling Based on the Isotach Law for Normally Consolidated Clays

A one-dimensional consolidation model of the isotach-law type is proposed for normally consolidated clays which have neither interparticle bonding nor sensitive structure. At first, the mechanical quantities that can absolutely define a consolidation state without employing any arbitrary reference satate are examined, and it is concluded that specific volume, f(=1+e), effective stress stress, σ', and natural strain rate, εn, are best. Next, the existence of a single relationship f-σ'-εn after compressional yielding is verified by the results obtained from various types of laboratory consolidation tests with the measurement of long-term secondary settlement. Then, a way of conceptualizing how to incorporate this relationship into the new consolidation models is introduced, and numerical simulations based on the new model are shown for clay layers of field-size. And finally, the simulation results are used to discuss the application limits of the Terzaghi theory.