Painless progressive mononeuritis multiplex secondary to AML associated neuroleukemiosis

Neuroleukemiosis describes peripheral nerve involvement secondary to leukemic infiltration, a rare complication of leukemia with various clinical presentations, leading to diagnostic challenges for hematologists and neurologists. We present two cases of painless progressive mononeuritis multiplex secondary to neuroleukemiosis. A literature review of previously reported cases of neuroleukemiosis was undertaken. Neuroleukemiosis may present as a progressive mononeuritis multiplex. The diagnosis of neuroleukemiosis requires a high index of suspicion and be aided by repeated CSF analysis. •Neuroleukemiosis describes the leukemic infiltration of peripheral nerves.•Presentations include painless mono-neuropathies, formations of a chloroma and painful radiculoplexopathies.•Tissue sampling through nerve biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis though yield can be limited.•Neuroleukemiosis tends to portend a poor prognosis.