Molecular characterization and prognosis of mutant TP53 acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts

Introduction Myeloid tumors typically harbor TP53 mutations, which are linked to a dismal prognosis. There are fewer studies on whether TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts (MDS‐EB) differ in molecular characteristics and should be considered as separate entities. Methods Between January 2016 and December 2021, a retrospective analysis was done on a total of 73 newly diagnosed AML patients and 61 MDS‐EB patients from the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University. We described a survival profile and a thorough characterization of newly found TP53‐mutant AML and MDS‐EB and investigated the relationship between these characteristics and overall survival (OS). Results 38 (31.1%) were mono‐allelic, and 84 (68.9%) were bi‐allelic. There is no significant difference between TP53‐mutated AML and MDS‐EB (median OS 12.9 verse 14.4 months; p = .558). Better overall survival was linked to mono‐allelic TP53 than bi‐allelic TP53(HR = 3.030, CI:1.714–5.354, p