Comparison of a lattice Boltzmann simulation of steep internal waves and laboratory measurements using particle image velocimetry

Progressive interfacial waves are simulated between two viscous, immiscible fluids using a lattice Boltzmann model and compared to waves generated in a laboratory tank, where their velocities are measured using a film-based particle image velocimetry system. The numerical and experimental velocities are compared for two similar, steep waves and the results are found to be in good agreement. The results are also compared with a first order wave theory, in both cases they predict velocities up to 40% greater than the theory.