Systematic analysis on the mechanism of Zhizi-Bopi decoction against hepatitis B via network pharmacology and molecular docking

Purpose: Zhizi-Bopi decoction (ZZBPD) is a classic herbal formula with wide clinical applications in treating liver diseases including hepatitis B. However, the mechanism needs to be elucidated. Methods: Chemical components of ZZBPD were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS). Then we used network pharmacology to identify their potential targets. Network construction, coupled with protein–protein interaction and enrichment analysis was used to identify representative components and core targets. Finally, molecular docking simulation was conducted to further refine the drug-target interaction. Results: One hundred and forty-eight active compounds were identified in ZZBPD, targeting 779 genes/proteins, among which 174 were related to hepatitis B. ZZBPD mainly influences the progression of hepatitis B through the hepatitis B pathway (hsa05161) via core anti-HBV targets (AKT1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, SRC, TNF, MAPK1, and MAPK3). Enrichment analysis indicated that ZZBPD can also potentially regulate lipid metabolism and enhance cell survival. Molecular docking suggested that the representative active compounds can bind to the core anti-HBV targets with high affinity. Conclusion: The potential molecular mechanisms of ZZBPD in hepatitis B treatment were identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The results serve as an important basis for the modernization of ZZBPD.