Medical and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset end-stage kidney disease: a multicenter study in Japan

Background Adolescents and young adults face various socio-emotional and behavioral challenges that can affect their medical and psychosocial outcomes. Pediatric patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) often have extra-renal manifestations, including intellectual disability. However, limited data are available regarding the impact of extra-renal manifestations on medical and psychosocial outcomes among adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset ESKD. Methods Patients born between January 1982 and December 2006 that had developed ESKD in 2000 and later at age