An initial investigation of dental morphology variation among three southern Naga ethnic groups of Northeast India

Objectives This study examines dental morphology trait prevalence among three southern Naga groups and compares them to 10 ethnic groups from other regions of South Asia to accomplish two objectives: assess the biological relationship of these Tibeto‐Burman‐speakers to speakers of non‐Tibeto‐Burman languages in other South Asian regions, and determine which traits distinguish northeast Indians from other South Asians. Methods Dental morphology traits were scored with the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Tooth‐trait combinations were evaluated for significant inter‐trait correlation and intra‐trait correspondence within dental fields. Comparisons were based on simple trait prevalence and with Smith's MMD. Affinities based on the former were accomplished with correspondence analysis and principal components analysis. Affinities based on the latter were undertaken with neighbor‐joining cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Results After elimination due to inter‐trait correlations and uniform prevalence, biodistances based on the remaining 17 tooth‐trait combinations identify significant differences between northeast Indians and other South Asian ethnic groups due to high frequencies of shoveling on the maxillary incisors and Cusp 6 on the mandibular molars coupled with low frequencies of Carabelli's trait and Cusp 5 on UM1 and UM2, respectively. Conclusions Patterns of biodistances obtained from dental morphology are consilient with those obtained from DNA indicating statistically significant differences between northeast Indians from members of ethnic groups of other regions of South Asia. Researchers should explore the sex‐specific patterns. Biodistances should not be limited to “key” teeth within dental fields, for in almost every case traits present on mesial and distal teeth yield non‐redundant information. Map of sampling locations throughout South Asia.