Relationships Between Intestinal Ultrasound Parameters and Histopathologic Findings in a Prospective Cohort of Patients With Crohn's Disease Undergoing Surgery

Objectives Recognition of intestinal lesions with substantial fibrosis is strategic for optimal management of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to assess the relationships between intestinal ultrasound parameters and histopathologic findings in a prospective cohort of patients with CD undergoing surgery. Methods Seventeen consecutive adult CD patients with involvement of the terminal ileum or the sigmoid colon who underwent bowel resective surgeries were enrolled and performed intestinal ultrasound (IUS) within 30 days prior to surgery. Uni‐ and multivariable analyses were used to assess the relationships between IUS parameters and histopathological elements of lesions. Results Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV (95% CI) of IUS in detecting stricturing and penetrating complications (surgical specimen as reference standard) were 93% (68–100), 86% (42–100), 91% (71–99), 93% (68–100) and 86% (42–100), and 78% (40–97), 92% (64–100), 86% (65–97), 88% (47–100) and 86% (57–98), respectively. Only the presence of hyperechogenic spiculates was statistically significantly associated with collagen content (b = 7.29, 95% CI = 1.88/12.69, P = .012), while only the presence of vascular signals at color Doppler (Limberg score 3 or 4) was significantly associated with active inflammation (OR = 10.0, 95% CI = 0.9/108.6, P = .037). There was a strong correlation between IUS and histological measurements of the wall thickness (r = 0.67, P = .01). Conclusions The presence of hyperechogenic spiculates was associated with the presence of fibrosis, while the presence of marked vascular signals was associated with the presence of inflammation. Wall thickness measured by IUS was reliable and reproducible in comparison with histological measurement.