SARS‐COV‐2 infection and Parkinson's disease: Possible links and perspectives

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The hallmarks are the presence of Lewy bodies composed mainly of aggregated α‐synuclein and immune activation and inflammation in the brain. The neurotropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 with induction of cytokine storm and neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of PD. Interestingly, overexpression of α‐synuclein in PD patients may limit SARS‐CoV‐2 neuroinvasion and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; however, on the other hand, this virus can speed up the α‐synuclein aggregation. The review aims to discuss the potential link between COVID‐19 and the risk of PD, highlighting the need for further studies to authenticate the potential association. We have also overviewed the influence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the PD course and management. In this context, we presented the prospects for controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic and related PD cases that, beyond global vaccination and novel anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents, may include the development of graphene‐based nanoscale platforms offering antiviral and anti‐amyloid strategies against PD.