The comparative analysis of selected interleukins and proinflammatory factors in CSF among de novo diagnosed patients with RRMS

Cytokines play a key role in neuroinflammation, which is present in every subset of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to assess levels of selected interleukins and proinflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). One hundred eighteen patients diagnosed de novo with RRMS were enrolled in the study. We analysed the relationships between selected cytokines’ levels depending on the age at diagnosis, time from the first symptoms to diagnosis and presence of MRI lesions. Among the study group the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 increased with the age at the diagnosis of MS. The concentration of IL-10 was lower in group of patients over the age of 35. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-15 increased with the longer time from the first symptoms to diagnosis. Positive correlations were found between the levels of IL-2 and IL-12, IL-17, IL-4, IL-1RA as well as IL-1 and IL-4, IL-17. The concentration of IL-5 correlated positively with IL-4, IL-9 and IL-13. The level of IL-10 increased with IL-6 and IL-9 concentrations. A negative correlation was found for IL-10 and IL-4. In turn, between IL-13 and both IL-5 and IL-9, the relationship was positive. The level of IL-2 was significantly higher among patients without gadolinium-enhanced (Gd(+)) MRI lesions. The results of the study provide new insight into the role of selected molecules in the development of inflammation in MS. It might be crucial in planning the most adequate immunomodulatory therapy. •Cytokines play a key role in neuroinflammation development in multiple sclerosis.•Patients with multiple sclerosis have higher IL-10 and lower IL-4 CSF levels.•The enhanced level of IL-2 is present among MS patients without Gd(+) MRI lesions.•The CSF levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-15 increase with the longer time from the first symptoms to diagnosis.