Haploid male fertility is restored by parallel spindle genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Doubled haploid technology can accelerate plant breeding and its two main steps are haploid induction and subsequent doubled haploid production from fertile haploid plants. Although haploid female fertility is present to some extent in plants, the lack of haploid male fertility is a bottleneck. Herein, we demonstrate that mutations in the parallel spindle genes are sufficient to restore haploid male fertility in Arabidopsis with no impact on haploid female fertility. The lack of haploid male fertility is a bottleneck to improve the efficiency in doubled haploid technology for accelerating crop breeding. This study shows that mutations in the parallel spindle genes are sufficient to restore haploid male fertility in Arabidopsis .