Ontological mathematical framework for electronic commerce and semantically-structured web

Formalizing conversation of intelligent agents (IAs) which realize Electronic Commerce (EC) includes such aspects as representing knowledge, goals, intentions, and actions of IAs, representing contents of messages (including arbitrary protocols of negotiations) and communicative acts. A common mathematical framework is suggested for all these purposes. This framework is the theory of restricted K-calculuses and K-languages (RKCL-theory), published by the author in Informatica, 1996, No. 1, 1998, No. 4. The suggested mathematical framework possesses all expressive possibilities of the Semantic Language published in 1999 in Geneva by the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA SL) and of FIPA Agent Communication Language (FIPA ACL). Besides, this framework provides many advantages in comparison with FIPA SL. One of the principal advantages is that a collection of 10 rules is suggested such that one is able to construct the representations of the contents (or structured meanings) of arbitrary natural language discourses and, as a consequence, to construct the representations of arbitrarily complicated goals, actions, and negotiation protocols proceeding from elementary informational items and applying these rules. As a result, the RKCL-theory allows for building compound designations of arbitrary entities considered in the field of EC: sets, finite sequences, relationships, concepts, and structured meanings of texts. That is why the described framework is called an ontological framework. It is shown that the expressive power of restricted standard K-languages exceeds the expressive power of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and RDF Schema Specification Language elaborated in 1998-1999 by the WWW-Consortium. It is suggested to use the RKCL-theory as a reference-point and a tool for developing more powerful and flexible conceptual formalisms for the advanced, semantically-structured Web.