An optimum design for a time-of-flight neutron diffractometer for measuring engineering stresses

A method is described for optimizing the design of a time‐of‐flight neutron diffractometer designed to measure lattice parameters. Such diffractometers are now used extensively by engineers and materials scientists for measuring strain within metallic and ceramic components. The method presented relies on the identification of a figure of merit (FOM) that accurately describes the performance of such an instrument. For the first time, an FOM for an instrument exhibiting non‐Gaussian peak shapes is described, and the methods by which this FOM may be maximized are described. Although the instrument described is based on the time‐of‐flight technique, the FOM derived may equally well be used to optimize a reactor‐based instrument. While measuring peak position is a straightforward example, it is shown that similar figures of merit may be found for other peak shape parameters, and thus other types of instrumentation.