Effect of surface roughness on wave propagation parameters

Reviews the effect of surface characteristics on soil phenomena, and reports experimental results on the role of surface roughness on wave propagation parameters. While small-strain stiffness decreases with surface roughness, large-strain stiffness and the angle of shear resistance increase with surface roughness. It is hypothesized that the contribution of surface roughness to large-strain parameters is more pronounced in dense materials where the probability of particle 'rotational frustration' increases. (Abstract quotes from original text)