The performance of road ironwork installations

The term "road ironwork" is used to refer to covers over manholes, drainage gullies, water valves etc. High incidence of failure in these installations are characterized by gradual deterioration of the surrounding bituminous surfacing, associated with failure of the bedding material supporting the ironwork. The reasons for these failures were investigated in a major project involving experimental and theoretical research including site observations and full scale trials as well as laboratory studies. The results led to the development of a specification for improved bedding materials. (Abstract quotes from original text)