Effect of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy on the Physiologic Parameters of Pregnant Women and Fetuses and on Anxiety Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Introduction Anxiety negatively affects pregnant women and their fetuses. It can cause misleading test readings in electronic fetal monitoring, affect the duration of the first stage of labor, and influence certain aspects related to childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of midwifery & women's health 2023-01, Vol.68 (1), p.35-43 |
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| creator | Estrella‐Juarez, Fatima Requena‐Mullor, Mar Garcia‐Gonzalez, Jessica Lopez‐Villen, Antonia Alarcon‐Rodriguez, Raquel |
| description | Introduction
Anxiety negatively affects pregnant women and their fetuses. It can cause misleading test readings in electronic fetal monitoring, affect the duration of the first stage of labor, and influence certain aspects related to childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and music therapy on anxiety levels, maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and labor and birth outcomes.
Methods
A total of 343 full‐term pregnant women participated in a randomized controlled trial and were divided into 3 parallel groups: music therapy intervention (n = 104), virtual reality intervention (n = 124), and control (n = 115). The interventions were delivered during a nonstress test in the third trimester and during labor. Data were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. Measures included the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, maternal blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rates, and labor and birth outcomes. The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621001647820).
Results
Women in the music therapy and virtual reality groups had lower levels of anxiety after a nonstress test (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jmwh.13413 |
| format | Article |
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Anxiety negatively affects pregnant women and their fetuses. It can cause misleading test readings in electronic fetal monitoring, affect the duration of the first stage of labor, and influence certain aspects related to childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and music therapy on anxiety levels, maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and labor and birth outcomes.
Methods
A total of 343 full‐term pregnant women participated in a randomized controlled trial and were divided into 3 parallel groups: music therapy intervention (n = 104), virtual reality intervention (n = 124), and control (n = 115). The interventions were delivered during a nonstress test in the third trimester and during labor. Data were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. Measures included the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, maternal blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rates, and labor and birth outcomes. The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621001647820).
Results
Women in the music therapy and virtual reality groups had lower levels of anxiety after a nonstress test (P < .001), and the women were more likely to have a reactive nonstress test (P < .001) compared with the control group. After the nonstress test and intervention were complete, the music therapy and virtual reality groups had significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (P < .001), diastolic blood pressure (P < .001), and maternal heart rate (P = .003) compared with the control group. Furthermore, fetuses in the control group were more likely to experience nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings compared with the music therapy and virtual reality groups, respectively (P = .004).
Discussion
Our findings support the use of music and virtual reality during nonstress tests and labor as nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce anxiety, improve maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and improve labor and birth outcomes. This research should be replicated in diverse perinatal settings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1526-9523</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1542-2011</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13413</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36383473</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Anxiety ; Anxiety - prevention & control ; Australia ; Blood pressure ; Childbirth & labor ; Clinical research ; Clinical trials ; Control groups ; Female ; Fetal heart rate ; Fetal monitoring ; Fetus ; Fetuses ; Heart rate ; Humans ; Intervention ; midwives ; Music ; Music Therapy ; nursing ; Parturition ; Perinatal ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; randomized controlled trials ; Test anxiety ; Tests ; Trait anxiety ; Virtual reality</subject><ispartof>Journal of midwifery & women's health, 2023-01, Vol.68 (1), p.35-43</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).</rights><rights>2022 The Authors. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).</rights><rights>2023 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4593-ac25875ba383f97ef11351d505d9b7d498d1b1a824b50a2d7a2ab5dc4f9e18653</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4593-ac25875ba383f97ef11351d505d9b7d498d1b1a824b50a2d7a2ab5dc4f9e18653</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjmwh.13413$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjmwh.13413$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,30978,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36383473$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Estrella‐Juarez, Fatima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Requena‐Mullor, Mar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia‐Gonzalez, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez‐Villen, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alarcon‐Rodriguez, Raquel</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy on the Physiologic Parameters of Pregnant Women and Fetuses and on Anxiety Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial</title><title>Journal of midwifery & women's health</title><addtitle>J Midwifery Womens Health</addtitle><description>Introduction
Anxiety negatively affects pregnant women and their fetuses. It can cause misleading test readings in electronic fetal monitoring, affect the duration of the first stage of labor, and influence certain aspects related to childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and music therapy on anxiety levels, maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and labor and birth outcomes.
Methods
A total of 343 full‐term pregnant women participated in a randomized controlled trial and were divided into 3 parallel groups: music therapy intervention (n = 104), virtual reality intervention (n = 124), and control (n = 115). The interventions were delivered during a nonstress test in the third trimester and during labor. Data were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. Measures included the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, maternal blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rates, and labor and birth outcomes. The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621001647820).
Results
Women in the music therapy and virtual reality groups had lower levels of anxiety after a nonstress test (P < .001), and the women were more likely to have a reactive nonstress test (P < .001) compared with the control group. After the nonstress test and intervention were complete, the music therapy and virtual reality groups had significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (P < .001), diastolic blood pressure (P < .001), and maternal heart rate (P = .003) compared with the control group. Furthermore, fetuses in the control group were more likely to experience nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings compared with the music therapy and virtual reality groups, respectively (P = .004).
Discussion
Our findings support the use of music and virtual reality during nonstress tests and labor as nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce anxiety, improve maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and improve labor and birth outcomes. This research should be replicated in diverse perinatal settings.</description><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety - prevention & control</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>Clinical research</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Control groups</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetal heart rate</subject><subject>Fetal monitoring</subject><subject>Fetus</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>midwives</subject><subject>Music</subject><subject>Music Therapy</subject><subject>nursing</subject><subject>Parturition</subject><subject>Perinatal</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnant Women</subject><subject>randomized controlled trials</subject><subject>Test anxiety</subject><subject>Tests</subject><subject>Trait anxiety</subject><subject>Virtual reality</subject><issn>1526-9523</issn><issn>1542-2011</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctu1DAUhiMEoqWw4QGQJTaoUoqPL7mwG41aCpqKUTXQZeQkJx2PHHuwk5bwLH3YemYKCxZ44186nz8d60-St0DPIJ6Pm_5-fQZcAH-WHIMULGUU4PkusywtJeNHyasQNpRCTkv6MjniGS-4yPlx8nDeddgMxHXkh_bDqAy5RmX0MBFlW3I1Bt2Q1Rq92k7EWTKskSzXU9DOuNs4WiqvehzQh51i6fHWKjuQG9ej3RsucBgDhn2O72f2l8YoX-AdmvCJzMh1nLhe_8aWzJ0dvDMmxpXXyrxOXnTKBHzzdJ8k3y_OV_PLdPHt85f5bJE2QpY8VQ2TRS5rFT_VlTl2AFxCK6lsyzpvRVm0UIMqmKglVazNFVO1bBvRlQhFJvlJ8uHg3Xr3c8QwVL0ODRqjLLoxVCznOUBWZkVE3_-DbtzobdwuUrngQlBgkTo9UI13IXjsqq3XvfJTBbTadVbtOqv2nUX43ZNyrHts_6J_SooAHIB7bXD6j6r6enVzeZA-AruxojE</recordid><startdate>202301</startdate><enddate>202301</enddate><creator>Estrella‐Juarez, Fatima</creator><creator>Requena‐Mullor, Mar</creator><creator>Garcia‐Gonzalez, Jessica</creator><creator>Lopez‐Villen, Antonia</creator><creator>Alarcon‐Rodriguez, Raquel</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202301</creationdate><title>Effect of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy on the Physiologic Parameters of Pregnant Women and Fetuses and on Anxiety Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial</title><author>Estrella‐Juarez, Fatima ; Requena‐Mullor, Mar ; Garcia‐Gonzalez, Jessica ; Lopez‐Villen, Antonia ; Alarcon‐Rodriguez, Raquel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4593-ac25875ba383f97ef11351d505d9b7d498d1b1a824b50a2d7a2ab5dc4f9e18653</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety - prevention & control</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Childbirth & labor</topic><topic>Clinical research</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Control groups</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetal heart rate</topic><topic>Fetal monitoring</topic><topic>Fetus</topic><topic>Fetuses</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>midwives</topic><topic>Music</topic><topic>Music Therapy</topic><topic>nursing</topic><topic>Parturition</topic><topic>Perinatal</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnant Women</topic><topic>randomized controlled trials</topic><topic>Test anxiety</topic><topic>Tests</topic><topic>Trait anxiety</topic><topic>Virtual reality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Estrella‐Juarez, Fatima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Requena‐Mullor, Mar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia‐Gonzalez, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez‐Villen, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alarcon‐Rodriguez, Raquel</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of midwifery & women's health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Estrella‐Juarez, Fatima</au><au>Requena‐Mullor, Mar</au><au>Garcia‐Gonzalez, Jessica</au><au>Lopez‐Villen, Antonia</au><au>Alarcon‐Rodriguez, Raquel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy on the Physiologic Parameters of Pregnant Women and Fetuses and on Anxiety Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial</atitle><jtitle>Journal of midwifery & women's health</jtitle><addtitle>J Midwifery Womens Health</addtitle><date>2023-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>68</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>35</spage><epage>43</epage><pages>35-43</pages><issn>1526-9523</issn><eissn>1542-2011</eissn><abstract>Introduction
Anxiety negatively affects pregnant women and their fetuses. It can cause misleading test readings in electronic fetal monitoring, affect the duration of the first stage of labor, and influence certain aspects related to childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and music therapy on anxiety levels, maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and labor and birth outcomes.
Methods
A total of 343 full‐term pregnant women participated in a randomized controlled trial and were divided into 3 parallel groups: music therapy intervention (n = 104), virtual reality intervention (n = 124), and control (n = 115). The interventions were delivered during a nonstress test in the third trimester and during labor. Data were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. Measures included the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, maternal blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rates, and labor and birth outcomes. The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621001647820).
Results
Women in the music therapy and virtual reality groups had lower levels of anxiety after a nonstress test (P < .001), and the women were more likely to have a reactive nonstress test (P < .001) compared with the control group. After the nonstress test and intervention were complete, the music therapy and virtual reality groups had significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (P < .001), diastolic blood pressure (P < .001), and maternal heart rate (P = .003) compared with the control group. Furthermore, fetuses in the control group were more likely to experience nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings compared with the music therapy and virtual reality groups, respectively (P = .004).
Discussion
Our findings support the use of music and virtual reality during nonstress tests and labor as nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce anxiety, improve maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and improve labor and birth outcomes. This research should be replicated in diverse perinatal settings.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>36383473</pmid><doi>10.1111/jmwh.13413</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Anxiety Anxiety - prevention & control Australia Blood pressure Childbirth & labor Clinical research Clinical trials Control groups Female Fetal heart rate Fetal monitoring Fetus Fetuses Heart rate Humans Intervention midwives Music Music Therapy nursing Parturition Perinatal Pregnancy Pregnant Women randomized controlled trials Test anxiety Tests Trait anxiety Virtual reality |
| title | Effect of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy on the Physiologic Parameters of Pregnant Women and Fetuses and on Anxiety Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
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