Effect of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy on the Physiologic Parameters of Pregnant Women and Fetuses and on Anxiety Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction Anxiety negatively affects pregnant women and their fetuses. It can cause misleading test readings in electronic fetal monitoring, affect the duration of the first stage of labor, and influence certain aspects related to childbirth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and music therapy on anxiety levels, maternal and fetal physiologic parameters, and labor and birth outcomes. Methods A total of 343 full‐term pregnant women participated in a randomized controlled trial and were divided into 3 parallel groups: music therapy intervention (n = 104), virtual reality intervention (n = 124), and control (n = 115). The interventions were delivered during a nonstress test in the third trimester and during labor. Data were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. Measures included the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, maternal blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rates, and labor and birth outcomes. The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621001647820). Results Women in the music therapy and virtual reality groups had lower levels of anxiety after a nonstress test (P