Participation of fibroblast growth factor‐1 and interleukin‐10 in connective tissue repair following subcutaneous implantation of bioceramic materials in rats

Aim To evaluate whether the bioceramic materials Bio‐C Pulpo (Bio‐C, Angelus) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP (MTA‐HP, Angelus) induce fibroblast proliferation and release of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, stimulating connective tissue remodelling. The tissue response of Bio‐C and MTA‐HP was compared with the White MTA (WMTA; Angelus) since studies have demonstrated that WMTA induces tissue repair. Methodology Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA were inserted into polyethylene tubes and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Holtzman rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. As a control group (CG), empty tubes were implanted subcutaneously. The number of fibroblasts (FB), Ki‐67‐, fibroblast growth factor‐1‐ (FGF‐1) and IL‐10‐immunolabelled cells and collagen content in the capsules was obtained. The data were subjected to two‐way anova followed by Tukey's test (p ≤ .05). Results At 7 days, significant differences in the number of FB were not detected amongst Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA groups (p ˃ .05). The capsules of all groups exhibited a significant increase in the number of FB and content of collagen over time. From 7 to 60 days, a significant reduction in the number of FGF‐1‐ and Ki‐67‐immunolabelled cells was seen in the capsules of all specimens. In all periods, no significant difference in the number of FGF‐1‐immunolabelled cells was detected between Bio‐C and CG specimens. At 60 days, significant differences in the immunoexpression of FGF‐1 were not observed amongst the groups. At 7 and 15 days, the highest immunoexpression for Ki‐67 was present in Bio‐C specimens whilst, after 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed amongst the bioceramic materials. At 7 days, few IL‐10 immunolabelled cells were present in the capsules of all specimens whereas, at 60 days, a significant increase in the IL‐10‐immunostaining was present in all groups. At 60 days, the Bio‐C, MTA‐HP and WMTA groups showed a greater number of IL‐10‐immunolabelled cells than in the CG specimens (p