Robust interval algorithm for surface intersections

In this paper, we develop robust algorithms for computing interval polynomial curve-to-surface and surface-to-surface intersections. These include well-conditioned transversal intersections as well as ill-conditioned non-transversal intersections. Key components of our methods are the reduction of the intersection problems into solving balanced or unbalanced systems of non-linear interval polynomial equations. These systems are solved using an interval non-linear polynomial solver based on Bernstein subdivision coupled with rounded interval arithmetic, documented in a series of earlier papers. The solver provides results with numerical certainty and verifiability. Examples illustrate our techniques. We also provide a theoretical analysis of degenerate interval polynomial curve-to-surface and surface-to-surface ill-conditioned non-transversal intersections.