In vitro inflammatory modulation of bioceramic endodontic sealer in macrophages stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Aim To evaluate the effects of AH Plus (Dentsply), Sealer 26 (Dentsply), and Sealer Plus BC (Produtos Médicos e Odontológicos) on cytotoxicity and inflammation in macrophage cultures exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methodology After initial setting, the sealers were conditioned with serum‐free culture medium for 24 h (1 ml/cm2). Macrophages from the RAW 264.7 strain were exposed to sealer extracts in a 1:16 ratio in a culture medium with or without LPS. Cell morphology, viability, mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress and gene expression of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were evaluated. Data on mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress and TNF‐α were analysed using a two‐way analysis of variance (anova) test, followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls post‐test. IL‐1β data were analysed using one‐way anova, followed by SNK, and the t‐test was used for intragroup comparison. The significance level was set at 5%. Results In the absence of LPS, only AH Plus and Sealer 26 showed a reduction in cell density, while in the presence of LPS, Sealer 26 had the lowest density compared to the other groups. In terms of mitochondrial activity, at 24 and 48 h, Sealer Plus BC had significantly higher mean values than Sealer 26 and AH Plus (p