Intraoperative angiography of the neurovascular bundle using indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence improves anatomical dissection during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: initial clinical experience

Landmark artery identification in the neurovascular bundle (NVB) is important for nerve-sparing in radical prostatectomy. We aimed to investigate intraoperative angiography using indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence (ICG-NIRF) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) to identify the NVB, visualise vascularisation and haemostasis, and preserve erectile function. Our retrospective, unicentric study was performed in consecutive localised prostate cancer RARP patients (stage T1/T2, prostate-specific antigen