Virological responses to tenofovir-alafenamide-containing antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV co-infected with lamivudine-resistant or lamivudine-susceptible hepatitis B virus

•Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing antiretroviral therapy effectively suppressed lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).•The decrease in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) level was minimal, and HBsAg loss occurred rarely (2.2%) after switching to a TAF-containing regimen.•Hepatitis B virus envelope antigen seroconversion occurred more frequently in patients with HIV co-infected with lamivudine-susceptible HBV than in those co-infected with lamivudine-resistant HBV.•Switching from a tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate- to a TAF-containing regimen led to improved proteinuria and bone density in patients co-infected with HIV and HBV. Data on the effectiveness of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) against lamivudine-resistant (LAM-R) hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV are limited. Between April and December 2018, HIV-positive patients co-infected with LAM-R or lamivudine-susceptible (LAM-S) HBV who switched from tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to TAF-containing ART were followed for 96 weeks. Plasma HBV and HIV loads, HBV serological markers, and liver function before and after the switch were analysed. In total, 182 patients co-infected with HIV and HBV were included in this study: 45 with LAM-R HBV and 137 with LAM-S HBV. At baseline, 28.9% and 7.4% of patients in the LAM-R and LAM-S groups, respectively, tested positive for hepatitis B virus envelope antigen (HBeAg) (P