Comparison of the effects of green and sustainable extraction methods on the extraction yield and chemical composition of Ruta chalepensis roots

Extraction of coumarin, furanocoumarin and alkaloids from Ruta chalepensis roots was carried out with subcritical water, subcritical ethyl alcohol, supercritical CO2, and ultrasound assisted extraction. The effect of operating conditions for sub and supercritical extractions was determined by varying the extraction temperature (100–160 °C) and extraction pressure (60 and 80 atm). Maximum extraction efficiency was observed with subcritical water extraction at 125 °C and 60 atm (40.6%). Extracted compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five main compound classes were identified in these extractions methods extracts. Furanocoumarins were the most abundant components of all extracts and maximum yields (31.0%) obtained with subcritical water extraction at 160 °C and 80 atm. [Display omitted] •Ruta chalepensis root were extracted by subcritical water, subcritical ethyl alcohol, supercritical CO2 and ultrasound assisted extraction.•Maximum extraction efficiency was observed with subcritical water extraction at 125 °C and 60 atm (40.6%).