Accuracy of anatomic 3‐dimensionally printed canine humeral models

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of various three‐dimensional print (3DP) technologies using morphometric measurements. Study design Experimental. Sample population Cadaveric canine humeri and size‐matched 3DP models. Methods Fiduciary radiopaque markers were affixed to canine humeri of three different sizes (4, 13, 29 kg) at predetermined anatomical landmarks. 3DP models were created using one of three printers; desktop printers Form 3L and Ultimaker 5S, and industrial printer Objet Connex (n = 5/group/printer). Marker based morphometric dimensions between cadavers and 3DP models were statistically compared using 2‐factor repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test (p