Nutrition interventions for youth with dyslipidemia: a National Lipid Association clinical perspective

•Atherosclerosis begins at an early age and is influenced by lifestyle behaviors.•Nutrition interventions can delay onset or prevent occurrence of CVD-related events.•A healthy lifestyle enhances the benefit of lipid-lowering medications in youth.•Data supporting use of dietary supplements in youth with dyslipidemia are limited.•Lifestyle changes are best achieved with a multidisciplinary, family-based approach. A heart-healthy lifestyle, beginning at an early age and sustained throughout life, may reduce risk for cardiovascular disease in youth. Among youth with moderate to severe dyslipidemia and/or those with familial hypercholesterolemia, lipid-lowering medications are often needed for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, lifestyle interventions are a foundation for youth with dyslipidemia, as well as those without dyslipidemia. There are limited data supporting the use of dietary supplements in youth with dyslipidemia at this time. A family-centered approach and the support of a multi-disciplinary healthcare team, which includes a registered dietitian nutritionist to provide nutrition counseling, provides the best opportunity for primary prevention and improved outcomes. While there are numerous guidelines that address the general nutritional needs of youth, few address the unique needs of those with dyslipidemia. The goal of this National Lipid Association Clinical Perspective is to provide guidance for healthcare professionals caring for youth with disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, including nutritional guidance that complements the use of lipid lowering medications.