Can trajectory nor‐epinephrine infiltration reduce blood loss during percutaneous nephrolithotomy? A double‐blinded randomized controlled trial

Purpose To determine the efficacy and safety of trajectory infiltration with 1:150 000 Norepinephrine (NE) in reducing blood loss during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and methods This is a prospective randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled trial. In all, 140 consecutive patients underwent PCNL for the management of large renal calculi. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of either study groups, the NE‐PCNL group (70 patients whose PCNL‐trajectory was infiltrated by NE) or the Placebo group (saline PCNL) (70 patients whose PCNL tracts were infiltrated by normal saline). Procedure‐related blood loss (the primary outcome) was assessed and statistically analyzed. Also, all other procedure‐related events and complications were recorded and compared. Results The median blood loss was 378 ml (IQR: 252–504) in the NE‐PCNL group versus 592 ml (IQR: 378–756) in the S‐PCNL group (p