Association between age‐related hearing loss with tinnitus and cognitive performance in older community‐dwelling Chinese adults

Aim To examine how the severity of age‐related hearing loss (ARHL) and tinnitus or the presentation of ARHL with tinnitus is associated with overall cognition, in terms of specific cognitive domains in older community‐dwelling Chinese adults. Methods The study recruited 429 participants aged ≥58 years (mean age, 72.91 ± 7.014 years; female proportion, 57.30%), excluding those with dementia, disability, and severe mental illness. Patients were classified into normal cognition, pre‐mild cognitive impairment (pre‐MCI), and MCI according to the normative z‐scores of neuropsychological test battery. The severity of ARHL and tinnitus was measured by pure‐tone audiometry and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Cognitive impairment and low functions in specific cognitive domains were used as dependent variables in multiple regression analyses adjusted for covariates. Results ARHL severity was positively associated with MCI and low executive function, delayed memory, and language function. Only individuals with mild (odds ratio (OR) 1.791; CI, 0.952–3.373; P = 0.071), and moderate and the disaster tinnitus (OR, 2.493; CI, 0.982–6.328; P = 0.055) were marginally associated with increased odds of MCI in model 1. Individuals with ARHL and tinnitus (OR, 3.888, CI = 1.481–10.205; OR, 4.471, CI = 1.636–12.219) were independently associated with high risk for MCI in models 1 and 2. Conclusions ARHL severity and the presentation of ARHL or ARHL with tinnitus were associated with overall cognition. ARHL severity was independently associated with executive function, delayed memory, and language function. The association between tinnitus severity and cognition is not clear. But the group with ARHL and tinnitus is a high‐risk group with cognitive impairment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT2017K020.