Cost‐effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening strategies: A systematic review

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the use of CRC screening tests can reduce the incidence and mortality of the disease by early detection. This study aims to review cost‐effectiveness strategies in different ages and countries, systematically. Methods We searched ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed and Embase for related studies between 2010 and 2020. Articles that reported costs per Quality‐Adjusted Life Year or Life Year Gain and Incremental Cost‐Effectiveness Ratios to compare the cost‐effectiveness of CRC screening strategies in the average‐risk population were included in our study. Results The search strategies identified 426 records and finally 48 articles were included in the systematic review based on included and excluded criteria. We identified seven strategies for CRC screening. Most of the strategies were performed in aged 50–75. These studies were reported by cost per Quality‐Adjusted life year (QALY)/Life Year Gain (LYG) based on methods and perspectives and the ICER of comparison of two‐by‐two strategies. Conclusion Most of the CRC screening strategies were cost‐effective, but there was big heterogeneity between the cost‐effectiveness analysis of CRC screening strategies because of different screening methods, perspectives and screening populations. So, it is important to consider this heterogeneity to compare the economic evaluation studies in this field.