Determination of hormones in urine by hollow fiber microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction associated with 96-well plate system and HPLC-FLD detection

•Uncontrolled use and discard of hormones may cause health issues and environmental problem.•HF-MMLLE coupled to 96-well plate is a high throughput and sustainable methodology.•Four hormones were determined and identified in urine samples.•Green tools are important to reduce environmental impacts. In this work, hollow-fiber microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) was associated with a 96-well plate system for the determination of estrone, 17-β-estradiol, estriol and 17-α-ethinylestradiol in urine samples. This method exhibited some advantages, such as low cost, easy application, high-throughput and environmentally-friendly aspects. The type of organic solvent to fill the membrane, ionic strength effect, sample dilution, extraction and desorption time, and desorption solvent were examined. After the optimizations, the conditions were comprised of 45 min of extraction, 1-octanol as organic solvent and 15% (w/v) of NaCl; methanol was used as desorption solvent, and the desorption time was fixed at 10 min. The dilution of the sample increased the sensitivity due to the reduction of matrix effects; thus, urine samples were diluted 40-fold. The limits of detection ranged from 0.03 μg L−1 for 17-β-estradiol to 15 μg L−1 for estrone, and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 μg L−1 for 17-β-estradiol to 10 μg L−1 for estrone. The intra-day precision varied from 1.0% for estriol to 13.3% for 17-α-ethinylestradiol, and inter-day precision varied from 7.3% for estrone to 18.1% for estriol. The relative recoveries varied from 82 to 118%.