Comparative analysis of multiplexed PCR and short- and long-read whole genome sequencing to investigate a large Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in New York State

In 2017, the New York State Department of Health investigated a large Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a health care facility. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the use of multiple molecular typing methods for characterizing the outbreak. Forty-four isolates were characterized using the rapid real-time PCR OpGen Acuitas® AMR Gene Panel. Additionally, short-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was used to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and assess isolate relatedness. Long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION WGS was used to characterize the plasmid content of a subset of isolates. All methods showed overall concordance, identifying four clusters, with a few discrepancies in the clustering of individual isolates. Though short- and long-read WGS results provided a more nuanced understanding of the molecular epidemiology of this outbreak, this study highlights the utility of the Acuitas® PCR-based approach, which can more easily be performed by health care facilities, for rapid clustering of patient isolates.